Understanding Luxating Patella in Dogs: A Comprehensive Guide

What is Luxating Patella?

Luxating patella is a common orthopedic condition in dogs, where the kneecap (patella) moves out of its normal position within the femoral groove of the thigh bone. This misalignment can cause pain, lameness, and mobility issues. The patella plays a crucial role in stabilizing knee movement, and when it dislocates, it disrupts normal joint function.

Certain breeds, particularly small and toy breeds like Pomeranians, Chihuahuas, and Boston Terriers, have a higher genetic predisposition to this condition. However, larger breeds and active dogs can also develop patellar luxation due to trauma or ligament weakness.

Learn more about patellar luxation from Cornell Veterinary College.

Signs of Luxating Patella in Your Dog

The symptoms of a luxating patella can vary in severity. Common signs include:

  • Intermittent or sudden limping – Your dog may skip or hop for a few steps before returning to normal gait.
  • “Bunny hopping” while running – The dog may lift a hind leg momentarily due to knee instability.
  • Difficulty standing up or jumping – Hesitation when climbing stairs or getting into the car.
  • Joint stiffness or swelling – More noticeable after exercise or long periods of rest.
  • Licking or chewing at the knee – A sign of discomfort or pain.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to schedule a veterinary evaluation as early intervention can prevent further joint damage.

For general information on dog limping, visit the AKC’s guide on lameness.

Causes and Risk Factors for Patellar Luxation

1. Genetic Predisposition

Certain small-breed dogs have a congenital predisposition for luxating patella, meaning they are born with a shallow femoral groove or weaker ligament structures.

2. Trauma or Injury

Larger dogs or highly active breeds may develop patellar luxation due to knee trauma from falls, rough play, or sudden twisting motions.

3. Obesity and Poor Nutrition

Excess weight puts added strain on the joints, worsening the condition. Additionally, imbalanced diets can affect proper bone and ligament development in puppies.

4. Age and Wear & Tear

As dogs age, joint degeneration can lead to instability, increasing the risk of patellar luxation.

Diagnosing Luxating Patella at Greenfield Veterinary Clinic

How We Diagnose the Condition

At Greenfield Veterinary Clinic, our veterinarians perform a thorough orthopedic exam, including:

  • Physical palpation – Feeling the knee joint to check patella movement.
  • Gait analysis – Observing your dog’s movement for signs of lameness.
  • X-rays & Imaging – To assess joint alignment and rule out fractures or arthritis.
  • Grading the severity – Based on a scale from Grade I (mild) to Grade IV (severe).

Treatment Options for Luxating Patella in Dogs

Non-Surgical Treatment for Mild Cases

For dogs with Grade I or II luxating patella, non-surgical approaches can help manage symptoms and delay progression:

  • Weight management – Reduces stress on the knee joint.
  • Joint supplements – Glucosamine and omega-3 fatty acids support cartilage health.
  • Physical therapy – Strengthening exercises improve muscle support around the knee.
  • Anti-inflammatory medications – Help relieve pain and swelling.

For mobility support tips, check out the AAHA Mobility Matters Guide.

When Surgery is Necessary

Dogs with moderate to severe (Grade III-IV) luxating patella may require surgical correction to prevent worsening joint damage and pain.

Common Surgical Procedures for Luxating Patella

  • Tibial Tuberosity Transposition (TTT) – Adjusts the bone structure to keep the patella in place.
  • Trochleoplasty – Deepens the femoral groove to prevent dislocation.
  • Soft tissue reconstruction – Tightens or loosens surrounding ligaments to improve joint stability.

Learn more about patellar luxation surgeries from ACVS.

Post-Operative Care and Recovery

What to Expect After Surgery

Recovery time:

  • Mild cases – 4-6 weeks of restricted activity.
  • Severe cases – 8-12 weeks with physical therapy.

Home care guidelines:

  • Limited movement – Use a crate or small space to prevent jumping.
  • Pain management – Vets may prescribe anti-inflammatory meds.
  • Cold compress therapy – Helps reduce post-surgical swelling.
  • Gradual reintroduction of exercise – Short, slow leash walks after clearance from the vet.

Regular follow-ups ensure the knee is healing properly.  Schedule a post-op visit with us.

Preventing Luxating Patella in Dogs

Tips for Pet Owners

  • Maintain a healthy weight – Prevents extra stress on knee joints.
  • Provide joint-supporting diets – High in omega-3s and glucosamine.
  • Use pet ramps and non-slip flooring – Reduces knee strain during movement.
  • Regular veterinary check-ups – Detects early signs before they worsen.

Early detection and lifestyle modifications can help prevent or slow down disease progression.

Recognizing an Emergency: When to Seek Immediate Vet Care

Signs of a serious knee issue that requires emergency care:

  • Sudden inability to bear weight on a leg
  • Severe swelling or visible deformity
  • Extreme pain or distress (yelping, whining excessively)

If your dog suddenly stops using a limb or shows signs of extreme pain, seek veterinary attention immediately.

A German Shepherd lies on a table while a veterinarian, wearing blue gloves, examines a wound on the dog's leg. The dog looks calm and the background is white, suggesting a clinical setting.

Why Choose Greenfield Veterinary Clinic for Your Dog’s Knee Problems?

Our Expertise in Orthopedic Care

At Greenfield Veterinary Clinic, we specialize in diagnosing and treating orthopedic conditions like luxating patella. Our experienced veterinarians use advanced diagnostic imaging and state-of-the-art surgical techniques to provide the highest level of care.

We Offer:

  • Comprehensive exams & accurate diagnosis
  • Custom treatment plans tailored to your pet’s needs
  • Advanced surgical expertise
  • Post-operative care & rehabilitation support

Schedule a Consultation with Our Team.

FAQs About Luxating Patella in Dogs

Q: Can a dog live with luxating patella without surgery?
A: Mild cases (Grade I-II) can often be managed with weight control, physical therapy, and supplements. However, severe cases require surgery to prevent long-term damage.

Q: What’s the success rate of surgery for luxating patella?
A: Most dogs regain normal function after surgery, especially when combined with proper rehabilitation.

Q: How can I prevent my dog’s condition from worsening?
A: Maintain a healthy weight, provide joint supplements, and avoid high-impact activities.

At Greenfield Veterinary Clinic, we’re committed to keeping your pet moving comfortably. Schedule an evaluation today!